STEP 4 (DECISION MAKING: IDENTIFY POSSIBLE SOLUTION)

 Problem Solving Process

First and foremost, understand what child abuse is. Maltreatment definitely includes physical and sexual abuse, but it also includes neglect, or the inability of parents or other caretakers to provide a kid with necessary food, clothing, and care. Children can also be emotionally abused if they are constantly rejected, berated, or isolated. Next, recognize the warning signals. Unknown injuries aren't the only indications of maltreatment. Depression, fear of a specific adult, difficulty trusting others or making friends, abrupt changes in eating or sleeping patterns, inappropriate sexual behaviour, poor hygiene, secrecy, and hostility are common symptoms of family problems and may indicate that a child is being neglected or physically, sexually, or emotionally abused. Thirdly, report abuse. If you or anyone else witnesses a kid being harmed or sees proof of abuse, contact your state's child protective services agency or local police which any child is in danger or at risk of being abused and neglected should report to a child protection officer (Social Welfare Department, JKM) or send the child to a nearby hospital. If the person who reported the cases want to keep the identity confidential, they can call Talian Nur 15999. Through the hospital, individuals who bring children to the Emergency/Outpatient Department due to abuse, they will continue to be referred to the One Stop Crisis Center at the hospital and the other way is through the police, this is highly encouraged especially for cases of sexual abuse to enable medical officers to conduct physical examinations immediately especially for new cases of suspected sexual abuse. When talking to a child about abuse, listen carefully, convince the child that he or she did the right thing by reporting an adult, and reinforce that he or she is not responsible for what happened. 

Beside that educate yourself as well as others. Simple parental and child support may be the most effective strategy to avoid child abuse. Some of the various strategies to keep children safe include after-school activities, parent education workshops, mentorship programmes, and respite care. Be an advocate for these projects in your town. Furthermore, aid prevention programmes. Intervention is typically delayed until abuse has been reported. Greater investment is required in programmes that have been shown to prevent abuse from occurring, including as family counselling and home visits by nurses who offer help to infants and their parents. Last but not least, getting media exposure is an excellent approach to promote awareness during Child Abuse Prevention Month and all year long. One of them is ensure radio and television coverage. Don't forget about the local broadcast media. Consider radio and television broadcasts in the same manner that as in the newspaper. Send a press release to the designated person at the broadcast station at least four times a year and especially if there is a case preferably 2 times a month. 

Create New Idea

The new idea of the best solution for preventing the child abuse that we suggest is enhancing parenting skills to promote healthy child development. As we know, parents are the closest person to their own children, so they bear the most important responsibility in educating and supervising their own children. The measures to take as a parent to prevent their children from being abused is firstly try understanding your children more thoroughly for example parents need to learn to recognise what your children are capable of at various ages and avoid pushing them to do things beyond their capability as the frustration of them failing can lead to abuse and not good for their mental health. Then, if their parents are a full-time worker and need to send their child to nursery, they need to monitor their child behaviours and recognize the warning signals so that the parents can know the early signs of abuse. If there are signs of abused to their child, the parents can make early decision to stop sending them back to the nursery to avoid the worst scenario happen to their child and lodge a police report regarding the nursery so that further action from authorities are immediate. 

Furthermore, the parents need to be careful with what they say to their kids. Kids can be annoying and irritate you at times. This may lead to you saying unpleasant things to them. Kids don't always move on from the hurtful statements. As a result, when you're upset, learn to manage yourself as the painful words can lead to their mental health problems. Parents also need to control themselves when they are punishing their child. We must sometimes distinguish between child abuse and a parent's right to discipline their child. The parent has the right to discipline their child as long as it is done in a reasonable and moderate manner and does not constitute cruelty in any other way. However, parents need to remember that the physical punishment can easily turn to physical abuse when not controlled. If the parents suspect they have anger issues, try use another method of punishment instead.  Lastly, the parents need to teach and give awareness to their children about the sexual abuse. For example, the parents need to tell and inform their children about the sensitive parts of the body which cannot be touched by strangers so that the children get early exposure about the characteristics of sexual abuse.

References

http://www.myhealth.gov.my/penderaan-kanak-kanak/

https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210020712

https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No100/No100_IP_Malaysia.pdf

https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/preventingcan.pdf

https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/2004guide.pdf

https://www.dcyf.wa.gov/safety/prevent-child-abuse