STEP 2 (IDENTIFY PROBLEM AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS)
Identify The Problems
Child abuse is classified into four types: emotional, physical, sexual, and neglect. It might manifest as a failure to meet a kid's desire for affection, attention, and stimulation (despite appropriate physical care), or as persistent verbal abuse, rejection, threat of violence, or efforts to hurt the child. It may also refer to unpleasant behaviour by parents or guardians toward children in their care. Physical abuse happens when a parent or guardian injures a child. If an act or omission is done purposefully or with the aim to damage the kid, it is considered "physical abuse." Kicking, punching, shaking, strangling, beating till he passes out, and shattering bones are all types of physical abuse. While bruises, scratches, brain damage, bleeding, and death are always associated with physical abuse, sexual abuse is defined as the involvement of children in sexual activities where they do not fully understand what is being done or the impact of the consent given, or the act is something contrary to the role of the family. The act of having intercourse with a kid, rape, incest, exposing genitals, sexual sadism, child prostitution, and child pornography were all examples of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse includes acts of molestation such as holding, kissing, massaging private regions of children, and unnatural sexual behaviour. Neglect is described as the repeated and serious failure to meet children's basic physical, emotional, and developmental requirements in terms of health, education, emotional development, nutrition, housing, and a safe existence. (National Policy of Malaysia) Neglect happens when caregivers fail to provide basic food, clothes, shelter, medical care, education, nurturing, or affection to children.
These are the statistics article that has been released about children abused in Malaysia:
▪ The Minister of Women and Community Development, Datuk Seri Rina Harun stated that there were 2040 child cases reported in the first four months of 2021. She also stated that there were 5836 cases were reported in the whole of 2020. While in 2019, 6832 cases were recorded and 2018 were 6274 cases.
▪ A total of 1,910 cases of child abuse and neglect were recorded in Selangor from March 2020 to March 2021, according to the state Social Welfare Department (JKM).
Risk factors are characteristics that may enhance the risk of witnessing or perpetrating child abuse and neglect, although they are not always direct causes. Child abuse and neglect are caused by a combination of individual, relationship, community, and social issues. Although children are not to blame for the harm done to them, several elements have been discovered to enhance their chances of being abused or neglected.
Risk Factors for Victimization
Individual Risk Factors
· Children younger than 4 years of age
· Children with special needs that may increase caregiver burden (e.g., disabilities, mental health issues, and chronic physical illnesses)
Risk Factors for Perpetration
Individual Risk Factors
· Caregivers in the home who are not a biological parent
· Caregivers with drug or alcohol issues
Family Risk Factors
· Families that are isolated from and not connected to other people (extended family, friends, neighbours)
· Families experiencing other types of violence, including relationship violence
Community Risk Factors
· Communities with high rates of violence and crime
· Communities with high rates of poverty and limited educational and economic opportunities
Problem Analysis
References
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